Principles of Cartography Erwin Raiz The Book’s aim is to guide the student to understand the language of maps, to enable him to illustrate his own papers, and to give him a foundation if he chooses to become a cartographer. The book is written primarily for college students, but it is not too difficult for high school classes or for the general reader. No mathematics is required beyond the most elementary trigonometry. The book is arranged so that the first exercises will take the students into the field to present the basic relationship between land and map. This will give him a foundation for further work, such as designing symbols, choosing colors, and understanding the principles of cartography. Field work will also bring student and instructor into closer contact. The chapters are arranged primarily for a practical sequence of exercises. For instance, it may seem illogical to place the discussion of the earth's size and shape in the middle of the book, but the student does not need this for the first exercises. The chapters are handled as independent units, and their sequence can be altered by the instructor to adapt them to seasons and curriculum. It may also seem unusual to start the book with a chapter on tools. Yet, in the author’s experience, this is necessary for starting the laboratory work. Students are eager to handle their new tools and their interest is awakened.